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What It Is / How It Works Passive-aggressive behavior is often characterized by indirect expressions of anger, sarcasm disguised as humor, underhanded compliments, or subtle jabs.

This behavior is known as "flower constancy." Darwin speculated that flower constancy was a passive response to avoid effort involved in remembering the different flower characteristics.

"Passive-aggressive behavior is an indirect and passive form of communication, which can either be verbal or nonverbal," says Dr. Robert Yeilding, Psy.D., a clinical psychologist.